You are to write an interactive program that, given a sequence of Wikipedia excerpts (see example below), guesses the language of each, in turn. After each guess, your program is given the correct answer, so that it may learn to make better guesses the longer it plays.

Each language is represented by a number L between 0 and 55. Each excerpt has exactly 100 symbols, represented as an array E of 100 integers between 1 and 65 535. These integers between 1 and 65 535 have been assigned arbitrarily, and do not correspond to any standard encoding.

You are to implement the procedure excerpt(E) where E is an array of 100 numbers representing a Wikipedia excerpt as described above. Your implementation must call language(L) once, where L is its guess of the language of the Wikipedia edition from which E was extracted. The grading server implements language(L), which scores your guess and returns the correct language. That is, the guess was correct if language(L) = L.

The grading server calls excerpt(E) 10 000 times, once for each excerpt in its input file. Your implementation's accuracy is the fraction of excerpts for which excerpt(E) guessed the correct language.

You may use any method you wish to solve this problem. Rocchio's method is an approach that will yield accuracy of approximately 0.4. Rocchio's method computes the similarity of E to each language L seen so far, and chooses the language that is most similar. Similarity is defined as the total number of distinct symbols in E that appear anywhere amongst the previous excerpts from language L.

Note that the input data have been downloaded from real Wikipedia articles, and that there may be a few malformed characters or fragments of text. This is to be expected, and forms part of the task.

Example

For illustration only, we show the textual representation of excerpts from 56 language-specific editions of Wikipedia.

Yshokkie word meestal in Kanada , die noorde van die VSA en in Europa gespeel. Dit is bekend as 'n b
المنتج الحدي Marginal Producer ، وهو المنتج الذي يجعل المنظم لا يكسب ربحا ولا يخسر ويحصل على دخل يكف
"BAKILI" Futbol Klubu 1995-ci ildə Misir Səttаr oğlu Əbilov tərəfindən yаrаdılmış və həvəskаr futbol
Квинт Фулвий Флак (Quintus Fulvius Flaccus; † 205 пр.н.е. ) e политик и генерал на Римската републик
ইন্ডিয়ান ইনস্টিটিউট অফ সোশ্যাল ওয়েলফেয়ার অ্যান্ড বিজনেস ম্যানেজমেন্ট (সংক্ষেপে আইআইএসডব্লিউবিএম )
5. juni ( lipanj ) ( 5.6. ) je 156. dan godine po gregorijanskom kalendaru (157. u prestupnoj godini
La Caunette és un municipi francès , situat al departament de l' Erau i a la regió de Llenguadoc-Ros
Praha je malé městečko v Texasu , které leží cca 85 km na jihozápad od Austinu . Bylo založeno
Graeme Allen Brown (født 9. april 1979 i Darwin , Northern Territory , Australien ) er en australsk
Der Plattiger Habach ( 3.214 m ü. A. , nach anderen Angaben nur 3.207 m [1] )
Το Νησί Γκρέιτ Μπάρριερ ( Αγγλικά : Great Barrier Island , Μαορί : Motu Aotea ) είναι νησί στα βόρει
Sid Bernstein Presents... is a 2010 feature-length documentary film by directors Jason Ressler and E
El término latino lex loci celebrationis aplicado al derecho internacional privado quiere decir: "le
Apollo 5 oli kosmoselaev , mis sooritas Apollo programmi teise mehitamata lennu. Lennu käigus testit
سیارک ۱۳۵۰ (به انگلیسی : 1350 Rosselia ، نامگذاری :1934TA )‏ هزار و سیصد و پنجاهمین سیارک کشف شده‌اس
V. I. Beretti (myös Vikenty Ivanovitš Beretti , alk. Vincent Beretti ; 1781 Milano Italia – 18. elok
Le 5 e bataillon de parachutistes vietnamiens (ou 5 e BPVN ou encore 5 e Bawouan ) est une unité par
Amina Sarauniyar Zazzau,, wadda ta rayu daga shekarar 1533 zuwa 1610, ɗaya ce daga cikin ‘ya'ya biyu
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Sudski proces Doe protiv Boltona je sudski proces iz 1973 . godine kojim je američki Vrhovni sud uki
Owen Cunningham Wilson ( 1968 . november 18. , Dallas , Texas , Egyesült Államok ) amerikai színész
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Nnamdi "Zik" Azikiwe , bu onye isi-ala izizi Nijiria nwere. Ochichi ya bidolu na afo 1954 welu ruo n
La Riserva naturale orientata Serre della Pizzuta è un'area protetta del dipartimento Regionale di S
石橋和義（いしばしかずよし/まさよし、生没年不詳）は、 �詳。石橋氏初代当主。初名氏義。尾張三郎を通称とし、官途は、左近将監 → 三河守 → 左衛門佐。足利直義
კორბინ ბლიუ ( ინგლ. Corbin Bleu ; დ. 21 თებერვალი , 1989 , დაბადების ადგილი ბრუკლინი , ნიუ-იორკი , ა
Та́рья Ка́арина Ха́лонен (Tarja Kaarina Halonen)); 24 желтоқсан , 1943 , Каллио , Хельсинки , Финлан
딜롱 ( Dilong )은 중국 랴오닝(Liaoning) 지방의 익시안층(Yixian Formation)에서 온전한 4구의 화석으로 발견되었다. 이 공룡은 가장 원시적인 초기의 티
Сүймөнкул Чокморов - советтик актёр. Жетинин айынын 9 (ноябрь) 1939-жылы, Фрунзе шаарын жанындагы Чо
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The sample input file grader.in.1 contains 10 000 such examples. The 56 languages are those listed as "mother tongue" in the IOI 2010 registration data. The language for each excerpt is chosen at random from these 56 languages, and each excerpt is taken from the first paragraph of an article chosen at random from the corresponding Wikipedia edition. Each line of the file contains:

The two-letter ISO code for the Wikipedia language edition;
100 numbers between 1 and 65 535, representing the first 100 symbols, in sequence, of the first paragraph of the article;
a viewable representation (in UTF-8) of the 100 symbols that you can read in your text editor or Firefox web browser. This viewable representation is for your convenience only, and is not intended to be used as input for your program.

The official grader uses 10 000 different excerpts, selected in the same way from the same 56 Wikipedia editions. However, the grader assigns a different number between 0 and 55 to each language, and a different number between 1 and 65 535 to each symbol.

Subtask 1 [30 points]

Your submission must achieve accuracy of 0.3 or better on the grading server.

Subtask 2 [up to 80 points]

Your score will be 114(α-0.3), rounded to the nearest integer, where α is the accuracy of your submission.

Implementation Details

To be implemented by contestant: lang.c or lang.cpp or lang.pas
Contestant interface: lang.h or lang.pas
Grader interface: grader.h or graderlib.pas
Sample grader: grader.c or grader.cpp or grader.pas and graderlib.pas
Sample grader input: grader.in.1.
Note: Each line of input contains: a two-character language code; an excerpt represented as 100 numbers separated by spaces; the text representation of the excerpt.
Expected output for sample grader input: If the implementation calls language as specified for each of the 10 000 examples, the sample grader will output OK alpha where alpha is the accuracy.